全球航空货运碳排放配额分配问题研究

国际民航组织(International Civil Aviation Organization,ICAO)第38届大会上提出2016年前建立国际航空全球市场化减排机制(market-based measures,MBM)方案。在MBM方案设计过程中,碳排放配额的分配方式无疑是最关键的问题。文章首次从航空货运的角度对该问题进行了相关研究。在欧盟碳排放交易体系(European Union Emissions Trading Scheme,EU ETS)碳排放配额分配方法的理论基础上,对欧盟ETS对航空货运企业的实际配额分配进行了分析,发现航空货运企业均存在不同程度的剩余配额;进而剖析了造成这一现象的原因,并挖掘出背后的深层原因即EU ETS配额分配的不合理性。基于以上分析,提出了国际航空全球碳排放配额分配方法设计时应考虑的要素:遵循"无歧视"原则,保证利益分配上的公平;考虑客货运航空公司之间差异,以及发展中国家的特殊情况。     

机场非航空性资源价值开发的冲量过程模型

为深入研究机场非航空性资源价值开发过程中的影响因素及各因素间作用效应,构建了与机场非航空性资源价值开发密切相关的6个因素的冲量过程模型,并开展了仿真模拟与不利因素控制研究。数值模拟结果表明：机场旅客吞吐量增加会对非航资源开发面积、旅客自愿停留时间、非航资源收入、非航资源业态组合产生有利的正向影响,对旅客旅行体验最初产生不利的负向影响,随后产生有利影响;在6个因素中,旅客吞吐量增加对非航资源收入产生的有利影响最大;旅客吞吐量增加对旅客旅行体验起初产生的不利影响可以通过一些措施加以控制,但采取控制措施会导致机场非航资源价值开发的稳定性降低。     

外国直接投资与环境保护的冲突与融合——兼论我国如何平衡FDI与环境保护的关系

本文首先对外国直接投资与环境保护的关系进行了分析,发现二者事实上是一个矛盾的统一体。在一个国家或地区的不同发展阶段,外国直接投资与环境保护可能存在相互的负面影响,也可能存在相互的正面影响。之后分别从理论和实践两个方面对如何平衡二者的关系提出了一些看法。     

Sustainability reporting,materiality, and accountability assessment in the airport industry

Air travel is, nowadays, recognized as being one of the most popular modes of transport. Air transport is among the most significant contributors to the world gross domestic product and is accountable for a great environmental and social impact. Driven by the well‐established sustainability discourse and the vital role businesses can play in disseminating the sustainable development concept, this paper attempted to map airport industry's most material operational aspects and assess airport operators' accountability level on disclosing corporate information regarding airports' economic, environmental, and social performance. In this context, 33 reports and 903 material issues representing 193 international airports were reviewed and assessed, and a methodology for benchmarking the accountability level of best reporting airport operators was developed, showcasing materiality assessment as a useful management tool for strengthening airport operators' business strategy and enhancing their corporate performance. The paper indicated that (a) customer focus (i.e., health, safety and satisfaction), economic viability, and business continuity and preparedness are operational aspects of high materiality and (b) the disclosure level, especially concerning specific performance indicators, is still moderate. In conclusion, this study has shown that materiality assessment gains ground as a management tool among airports' management teams and the completeness of Sustainability reports is positively correlated with the “level” of adherence as described by the Global Reporting Initiative.     

基于污染物通量超标排放的生态补偿方法

针对污染物通量核算生态补偿量方法中单位污染物削减成本忽略了污染物来源差异性以及污染物通量核算未考虑年内实际水文、水质特征的问题,从污染物削减成本和污染物通量两个方面对该方法进行改进。污染物削减成本按照污染物来源分为点源污水(主要为工业废水、城市生活污水)和农村非点源污水(主要为农村生活污水、农业生产污水)削减成本两部分,根据不同废水来源的处理成本,按污染物排放量比重加权平均得到削减成本;同时,对年内划分水期,分别核算污染物通量。选取沱江支流上的濑溪河渝川缓冲区进行实例验证。结果表明:核算结果基本能够反映区域污染特征,核算金额也更加真实可信。     

Equity and the environment: An application of the Berliant–Strauss vertical and horizontal equity framework to measuring the distributional effects of air quality regulation

The distributional effects of a major air regulation in the United State in 2015 were analyzed using Berliant and Strauss Index Numbers, a set of theoretical and empirical equity metrics, and reduced‐form models that estimate the mortality effects of air pollutant emissions and their source contributions. By viewing the effects of pollution on human mortality as an implicit tax, we found progressivity in 54% to 56% of vertical comparisons and inequity in 92% to 94% of horizontal comparisons. The introduction of the proposed policy made 58% of vertical comparisons more progressive and was equitable to 70% of horizontal comparisons.     

空分装置运行常见故障与排除

本文介绍了空分装置运行过程中易出现的故障,分析故障产生的原因,并对故障提出了相应的解决方法和措施,对装置的日常运行提出针对性的建议,从而延长装置的运行周期,减少装置检修次数,为企业带来显著的效益。     

浅谈直接空冷机组乏汽余热利用改造后的安全运行

汽轮机乏汽余热利用是目前火力发电厂节能降耗,增加供热面积的一项重要工程,本文结合我厂实际对乏汽余热利用改造工程的优化进行了介绍,对热泵投运过程中及投运后对机组安全运行的影响和采取的措施进行了总结。     

卷烟厂车间空气加湿方式的分析

对于卷烟企业而言,生产环境的空气相对湿度是十分重要的参数之一,它直接影响着最终的产品质量。本文通过对等温、等焓加湿中几种常见加湿方式的优缺点进行比较分析,并结合卷烟厂车间生产工艺与负荷特点,提出了适合卷烟企业的加湿方式。     

机动车尾气污染危害的生成机理与治理发展

本文介绍了汽车尾气对人类健康和生态环境的危害,及其生成机理和影响因素并简述汽车尾气治理与发展。